They rise up out of the sand and butcher someone in the name of some crazy god. Religious zealotry is explained by its adherents as loyalty and faith and duty. Anyone believing anything else is proclaimed an "infidel." It is an old story, one that grinds us down and defies explanation, demonstrating "man's inhumanity to man" in the name of religion. History offers us so many examples of this throughout its pages that we take it for granted that this travesty, as everything else, also had a beginning.
The first "holy war" was invented by King Darius, the despot of the Persian empire who gained his throne through regicide. A ruthless murderer, Darius held the enormous collection of subject peoples within his vast empire in check by force and violence. Although a departure from the strategic clemency shown by the earlier Persian ruler Cyrus the Great, Darius's methodology was certainly nothing new. Force and violence were, even at that early date, ancient tactics for subjugation. What was new was something Darius concocted in 520 BC when the Elamites revolted against his rule. No one knows what inspired him, but Darius was recorded to utter, "Those Elamites were faithless, they failed to worship Ahura Mazda." Using this as a reason for conquest, Darius put down their rebellion in the normal butcherous fashion. His innovation, however, would live on throughout time and become the bane of much of world history. The features of his creation involved the concept that foes could be put down in the name of a religion (the fact that they had never practiced, or in some cases even heard of the religion made no difference), that warriors might be promised rewards in paradise for faithful acts of violence, and that conquest in the name of god (as proclaimed by the despot) was indeed a moral duty.
Darius may or may not have realized what he created. His new device, however, would catch on quickly and find its way into the arsenal of many of history's most haneous dictators, and eventually into entire movements between civilizations (the Crusades spring most readily to mind). In many cases today, entire religious sects claim the weapon as their own, the tool outreaching any lone despot.
Today, the so-called "war on terror" is actually a determination to combat groups who adhere to Darius's device. The challenge is that the adherents of this 2500 year old custom are varied and fanatical. How is one to discern who is a "radical" and who is a "peaceful nominal adherent?" What do we make of those "peaceful" worshipers who, nonetheless, dance in the streets when the radicals make a newsworthy strike (understanding that not everyone does this, of course)?
These are important questions, and particularly relevant at this time because we have just elected new leadership to our country. One thing is a clear fact: the United States has not had terrorist strikes on its soil since the strong response to September 11th. As one military friend of mine said, "Done correctly, it's better to take the fight to them then to allow them to bring the fight to us." What will be the policy of the West moving forward, as it seeks to combat an enemy that presents itself as little more than "smoke to be grasped," or, in the words of Ronald Reagan, "curd jelly [to be nailed to a wall]?"
Terrorism is unjustified no matter what perceived slights, mistreatment, western arrogance, national hubris, or journalist-declared poverty are given as explanation. Evil in the name of any religion is still evil. Do we treat with the murderers of children? Do we try to behave like kowtowers so that they might like us more? Should we honor them as victims and thereby justify their atrocities, all in the name of "understanding them" and appeasement (visions of Jimmy Carter tromping around with Fidel Castro at a Cuban baseball game come to mind)? Or do we meet strength with strength? Do we strike preemptively to nip the problem at its source? And in so doing, how do we avoid prolonged occupations and casualties of war?
These are somber questions, and must be addressed by America and her leadership. In this hour of change in our nation, may we have our eyes open to the reality of evil in the form of fanaticism, and remember the words of Will Durant, "Love peace, but keep our powder dry."
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